5 


THE 


CoiecticutAgriculluralExperienlSlation 


NEW    HAVEK,    CONI^. 


BXJLLETIlSr    jSTo.   114. 


DECEMBER,    1892. 


CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Notice  as  to  Bulletins, 

2 

Mixed  Fertilizers 

3 

Bone  and  Potash, 

3 

Nitrogenons  Superphosphates  and  Guanos, 

3 

Special  Manures,          ........ 

16 

2  THE    CONNECTICUT   AGRICULTURAL 

Notice  as  to  Bulletins. 

The  Bulletins  of  this  Station,  issued  quarterly  or  oftener,  are 
mailed  free  to  citizens  of  Connecticut  who  apply  for  them,  and  to 
otliers,  as  far  as  the  limited  editions  permit. 

Applications  should  be  renewed  annually  before  January  1st, 

Citizens  of  other  States  desiring  to  secure  the  Bulletins  regu- 
larly are  referred  to  the  notice  below. 

The  matter  of  all  the  Bulletins  of  this  Station  in  so  far  as  it  is 
new  and  of  permanent  value  will  be  made  part  of  the  Annual 
Report  of  the  Director. 

Bulletins  earlier  than  No.  71  and  Nos.  83,  93,  100,  101  and  102 
are  exhausted  and  cannot  be  supplied. 


Notice  as  to  Supply  of  Station  Reports. 

The  Annual  Report  of  this  Station  for  1891,  printed  at  State 
expense,  is  limited  to  an  edition  of  7,000  copies,  of  which  5,000 
copies  are  bound  and  distributed  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Agriculture,  T.  S.  Gold,  West  Cornwall,  Conn. 

After  satisfying  necessary  exchanges,  the  copies  remaining  at 
the  disposal  of  the  Station  have  been  sent  to  citizens  of  Connecti- 
cut, who  made  application  for  them,  until  our  supply  is  exhausted. 

The  Station  has  no  supply  of  its  Annual  Report  for  the  years 
1877,  1878,  1879,  1880,  1881,  1883,  and  1887,  and  will  pay  a  liberal 
price  for  a  number  of  clean  copies  of  Reports  for  any  of  these 
years. 

Extra  copies  of  the  next  Annual  Report  can  be  secured  if  called 
for  before  the  printing-forms  are  broken  up.  Such  copies  will  be 
struck  off  and  supplied  early  next  year  to  citizens  of  other  States 
who  apply  to  this  Station  before  February  1st,  and  who  remit  25 
cents  per  copy  to  defray  costs.  This  remittance  will  also  secure 
to  the  sender  the  Bulletins  issued  by  this  Station  during  the  year. 

Coin  may  be  forwarded  by  Post  at  sender's  risk  with  small 
chance  of  loss,  as  follows :  Cut  an  inch  hole  in  a  card  or  scrap  of 
paper-box  that  will  just  fit  inside  an  envelope,  fasten  a  twenty- 
five  cent  piece  in  the  cavity  by  pasting  paper  over  it  on  both 
sides  of  the  card,  write  thereon  name  and  Post  office  address, 
inclose  within  an  envelope,  and  send  as  a  letter  prepaid  in  full. 
P.  O.  stamps  cannot  be  accejated. 


3591 

3569 

52 

62 

36 

20 

12 

12 

0 

6 

EXPERIMENT   STATION. 


MIXED   FERTILIZERS. 

I.     Boi^E  AND  Potash. 

3595.  AI  Fertilizer,  made  by  C.  Buckingham,  Soutliport. 
Sampled  by  Station  agent  from  stock  of  R.  C.  Wilcox,  Guilford. 

3591.  Circle  Brand  Bone  and  Potash,  made  by  Bradley  Fer- 
tilizer Co.,  Boston,  Mass.     Sampled  by  manufacturer. 

3569.  Ground  Bone  and  Potash,  made  by  E.  Frank  Coe, 
New  York.  Sampled  by  Station  agent  from  stock  of  City  Coal 
and  Wood  Co.,  New  Britain. 

Analyses  and  Valuations. 

Mechanical  Analyses.*  . 

3595 

Fine,  smaller  than  ^u  inch - -.         58 

Fine  medium,  smaller  than  ^j  inch 21 

Coarse  medium,  smaller  than  -^^  inch .  15 

Coarse,  larger  than  ^Sj  inch .. 6 

100  100  100 

Chemical  Analyses. 

Nitrogen -      4.00 

Phosphoric  acid 15.44 

Potash 6.31 

Valuation  per  ton §35.10 

II.     Nitrogenous  Superphosphates  and  Guanos. 

Here  are  included  those  mixed  fertilizers  containing  nitrogen, 
phosphoric  acid  and  in  most  cases  potash,  which  are  not  designed 
by  their  manufacturers  for  use  on  any  special  crop.  "  Special 
Manures"  are  noticed  further  on. 

1.     Samples  drcnon  hy  Station  Agents. 

In  the  tables  on  pages  tJ  to  13  are  tabulated  the  analyses  of 
forty-six  brands  made  on  samples  collected  by  the  Station  agents. 

In  the  table  on  page  11  is  an  analysis  of  Sanderson's  Formula 
A,  No.  3596.  Another  analysis  of  this  brand  previously  made 
on  a  sample  drawn  by  our  agent  from  stock  of  E.  B.  Clark, 
Milford,  No.  3513,  is  given  below.  The  manufacturer  objected 
that  this  did  not  fairly  represent  the  quality  of  the  brand.    Analy- 

*  In  these  mixtures  the  potash  salts  are  washed  out  before  making  the  mechan- 
ical analysis. 


2.66 

1.37 

n.59 

10.26 

5.06 

2.90 

34.29 

18.89 

4  THE    CONNECTICUT   AGRICULTURAL 

sis  No.  3596  was  then  made  and  also  No.  3597,  given  below, 
from  another  lot  of  goods.  These  two  later  analyses  show  tolera- 
ble agreement  and  a  considerably  better  quality  than  the  first 
analysis.     See  also  analyses  of  this  brand  on  page  17. 

Other  Analyses  of  Sanderson's  Formula  A. 

3513  3597 

Nitrogen  as  nitrates - 1.55  1.95 

organic 1.92  2.91 

Total  nitrogen .S.47  4.86 

Phosphoric  acid,  Soluble    -...__ 5.44  4.99 

reverted .       3.65  3.51 

insoluble 1.55  .68 

Total 10.64  9.24 

Potash  as  muriate 5.64  7.'43 

Chlorine 6.88  6.25 

Cost  per  ton $35.00  35.00 

Valuation  per  ton $29.76  34  60 

The  Guarantees. 

The  law  of  Connecticut  requires  every  package  of  fertilizer  to 
bear  a  statement  of  the  actual  composition  of  the  goods.  This 
usually  expresses  the  quantities  of  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid  and 
potash  within  certain  limits,  as  "  nitrogen  2-4  per  cent." 

If  a  fertilizer  with  such  a  guarantee  actually  contains  2  per 
cent,  of  nitrogen,  it  is  within  the  manufacturer's  guarantee. 

It  is  the  lowest  figures  of  the  guarantee  therefore  that  purchasers 
should  regard. 

Of  the  forty-six  brands  here  reported  eleven  are  below  their  mini- 
mum guarantee  in  respect  of  one  ingredient,  and  four  in  respect  of  two 
ingredients.  That  is,  one-third  of  all  the  nitrogenous  superphosphates 
in  our  market  contain  less  of  one  or  of  two  ingredients  than  they  are 
claimed  to  contain. 

It  is  urged  that  an  excess  of  one  ingredient  over  the  guarantee 
should  be  held  to  make  good  the  deficiency  of  another.  But  with 
reasonable  care  and  skill  in  the  manufacture  and  in  the  sam|)ling 
and  analysis  of  the  goods  the  actual  analysis  should  not  fall  below 
the  minimum  guaranteed  in  any  respect  particularly  when  wide 
limits  are  allowed  in  the  guarantees  themselves. 

Comparison  of  the  tables  of  analyses  with  those  of  past  years 
shows  that  certain  brands  have  about  the  same  composition  year 
after  year,  while  others  fluctuate  considerably  and  cannot  be  de- 
pended on  to  be  alike  year  after  year. 


EXPERIMENT   STATION.  5 

Cost  a]^d  Valuation. 
Cost. 

The  method  used  to  ascertain  the  retail  cash  price  of  the  phos- 
phates is  as  follows : 

The  sampling  agents  inquire  and  note  the  price  at  the  time 
each  sample  is  drawn.  The  analysis  when  done  is  reported  to 
each  dealer  from  whom  a  sample  was  taken,  with  an  enclosed 
postal  card  addressed  to  the  Station,  and  a  request  to  note  on  it 
whether  the  retail  cash  price  is  correctly  given  and  to  mail  to  the 
Station. 

To  each  manufacturer  is  also  sent  a  request  that  he  will  notify 
the  Station  regarding  the  probable  average  cash  price  at  freight 
centers  in  Connecticut,  of  such  brands  as  he  sells  in  the  State. 

From  these  data  the  average  prices  are  computed. 

Valuation. 

The  valuation  has  been  computed  in  all  cases  in  the  usual 
manner. 

Percentage  Difference  given  in  the  last  column  of  the  table 
shows  the  percentage  excess  of  tlie  cost  price  over  the  average 
retail  cost  of  the  nitrogen,  phosphoric  acid  and  potash  contained 
in  the  fertilizer. 

This  information  puts  the  j^virchaser  in  a  position  where  he 
can  figure  as  to  the  probable  relative  value  of  the  different  brands 
and  the  probable  relative  economy  of  buying  fertilizers  mixed  or 
unmixed. 

Which  method  of  buying  is  preferable  can  only  be  determined 
by  each  individual  farmer,  who  should  know  best  what  his  soil 
and  crops  need  and  what  his  facilities  for  purchase  and  payment 
are. 

No  general  rule  can  be  given.  In  one  case  ready-mixed,  in 
another,  home-mixed  fertilizers  may  be  found  the  more  profitable 
to  use. 

The  average  cost  of  the  nitrogenous  superphosphates,  excluding  the 
last  two  analyses  of  the  table  in  which  cost  exceeds  valuation  by  con- 
siderably more  than  fifty  per  cent.,  is  $35.28.  The  average  valuation, 
$25.46,  and  the  percentage  difference  27.8. 

Last  year  the  corresponding  figui'es  were : 

Average  cost  $33.93,  Average  valuation  $28.13,  Percentage 
difference  20.6. 


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EXPERIMENT   STATION.  16 

Fish  and  Potash. 

The  samples  of  Fish  and  Potash  included  in  the  previous  tables 
are  tabulated  by  themselves  for  comparison  on  page  14. 

2.  Sampled  hy  Manufacturers  and  3.   Sampled  hy  private 
mdividuals. 

2.   Sampled  by  Majmfacturers. 

These  samples  were  sent  to  the  Station  in  compliance  with  the 
terms  of  the  Fertilizer  Law  and  were  analyzed  because  no 
samples  of  the  brands  named  were  found  in  market  by  our 
sampling  agents : 

3598.  Fish  and  Potash,  Anchor  Brand,  made  by  Bradley 
Fertilizer  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 

3647.  Buffalo  Superphosphate,  No.  2,  made  by  Crocker  Fer- 
tilizer Co.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

3651.  Vegetable  Bone  Superphosphate,  made  by  Crocker  Fer- 
tilizer Co.,  Buffalo,  K  Y. 

3652.  Aramoniated  Practical  Superphosphate,  made  by  Crocker 
Fertilizer  Co.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

3650.  Garden  and  Lawn  Fertilizer,  made  by  L.  B.  Darling 
Fertilizer  Co.,  Pawtucket,  R.  I. 

3654.  Success  Phosphate,  made  by  Lister's  Agricultural  Chemi- 
cal Works,  Newark,  N.  J. 

3655.  Ammoniated  Dissolved  Bone,  made  by  Lister's  Agricul- 
tural Chemical  Works,  Newark,  N.  J. 

3656.  Ammoniated  Bone  Superphosphate,  made  by  Preston 
Fertilizer  Co.,  Greenpoint,  L.  I. 

3653.  Pilgrim  Fertilizer,  made  by  J.  S.  Reese  &  Co.,  Balti- 
more, Md. 

3.  Sampled  by  j}'>'ivate  individuals. 

The  following  analyses  were  made  on  samples  submitted  by 
private  individuals. 

3521.  Bone  Fish  and  Potash,  made  by  E.  R.  Kelsey,  Branford. 
Sampled  and  sent  by  E.  C.  Warner,  Fair  Haven. 

3681.  Fertilizer  made  for  Conn.  Valley  Orchard  Co.,  by  the 
Quinnipiac  Co.,  N.  Y.     Sampled  by  D.  L.  Rogers,  New  Britain. 

3537.  Formula  A,  made  by  L.  Sanderson,  New  Haven.  Sam- 
pled by  F.  R.  Curtiss,  Stratford. 

3698.  Formula  A,  made  by  L.  Sanderson,  in  the  fall  of  1892. 


^iP' 


16  THE   OONNECriCUT   AGRICULTURAL 

3699.  Formula  A,  made  by  L.  Sanderson,  in  the  spring  of 
1892. 

The  last  two  samples  were  drawn  by  F.  H.  Todd,  North  Haven. 

III.     Special  Manures, 

1 .   Sampled  hy  Station  Agents. 

For  Analyses  and  Valuations  see  pages  19  to  26. 

Here  are  included  such  Nitrogenous  Superphosphates  as  are 
claimed  by  their  manufacturers  to  be  specially  adapted  to  the 
needs  of  particular  crops. 

Notice  of  Particular  Analyses. 

Fairchild's  Formula  for  Corn  and  General  Crops  No.  3507  is 
a  mixture  of  nitrate  of  soda,  muriate  of  potash  and  fine  bone  flour, 
90  per  cent,  of  which  passes  a  round  mesh  -^  inch  in  diameter. 

An  analysis  3534  was  made  of  6  samples  of  the  Quinnipiac 
Potato  Manure  with  the  results  given  below.  The  manufacturer 
protested  against  the  analysis  because  it  did  not  represent  the 
average  quality  of  the  goods  which  should  show  a  much  higher 
per  cent,  of  potash  than  was  indicated  in  this  analysis.  The  Sta- 
tion, therefore,  determined  potash  separately  in  each  of  the  sam- 
ples with  the  following  results : 

From  Taylor  &  Hubbell,  Newtown l.TQ  per  cent. 

D.C.Wood 5.66 

Olds  &  Whipple 5.39 

"W.  L.  L.  Spencer _ 5.41         " 

C.  A.  Young 5.24         " 

G.  M.  Williams 4.69         " 

It  is  evident  that  the  sample  from  Taylor  &  Hubbell  is  totally 
unlike  the  others.  A  new  mixture  of  samples  was,  therefore, 
prepared  from  which  this  sample  low  in  potash  was  excluded. 
The  analysis  of  this  second   sample,  No.  3684r,  is  given  in  the 

table  on  page  26. 

3534 

Nitrogen,  organic 2.71 

Phosphoric  acid,  soluble 5.52 

reverted 2.74 

insoluble .75 

Total 9.01 

Potash - 4.65 

Chlorine 3.41 


EXPERIMENT   STATION. 


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18  THE   CONNECTICUT   AGRICULTURAL 

Guarantees. 

Of  the  thirty-nine  brands  of  special  manures  analyzed,  sixteen  are  be- 
low the  manufacturer's  minimum  guarantee  in  respect  of  one  ingre- 
dient, and  one  is  below  in  respect  of  two  ingredients. 

Cost,  Valuation  and  Percentage  Difference. 

The  average  cost  per  ton  of  the  special  manures  has  been  $38.28,  the 
average  valuation,  $30.70  and  the  percentage  difference  25.0,  a  little 
higher  than  in  case  of  the  nitrogenous  superphosphates. 

Last  year  the  corresponding  figures  were  :  Average  cost  $38.84, 
average  valuation  $31.64,  percentage  difference  22.8. 

2.  Sampled  hy  Manufacturers^  and  3.  Sampled  by  Private 
Individuals. 

2.  Manufacturers''  Samples. 

These  samples  were  sent  to  the  Station  in  compliance  with  the 
terms  of  the  Fertilizer  Law  and  were  analyzed  because  no  sam- 
ples of  the  brands  named  were  found  in  market  by  our  sampling 
agents. 

3599.  Complete  Manure  for  Grass  and  Grain,  made  by  the 
Bradley  Fertilizer  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 

3649.  Potato  and  Root  Crop  Manure,  made  by  Darling  Fer- 
tilizer Co.,  Pawtucket,  R.  I. 

3.   Samples  drawn  hy  Private  Individuals. 

3687.  Mapes'  Tobacco  Manure,  Wrapper  Brand,  from  stock  of 
W.  H.  Filley,  Windsor.     Sampled  by  O.  P.  Parsons,  Poquonock. 

3688.  Fine  Wrapper  Brand  Tobacco  Grower,  made  by  Wil- 
liams and  Clark  Fertilizer  Co.,  N.  Y.  Stock  of  I.  J.  Beardsley, 
New  Preston.     Sampled  by  G.  B.  Ackley. 

Analyses  and  Valuations. 

3599  3649  3687  3688 

Nitrogen  as  nitrates 5.99  .37  1.51            

as  ammonia. .23  3.20  2.64 

organic 2.94  L67  3.33 

Total  Nitrogen 5.99  3.54  6.38  5.97 

Phosphoric  acid,  soluble 2.72  4.16  .61  .18 

reverted 3.70  3.79  3.08  5.49 

insoluble 1.60  2.69  2.50  5.60 

Total  Phosphoric  Acid 8.02  10.64  6.19  11.27 

Potash  as  muriate .36  6.78  .90  1.06 

as  sulphate 2.98            10.44  9.58 

Total  Potash 3.34  6.78  11.34  10.64 

Chlorine,. .27  7.13  .68  .79 

Yaluation Sg31.46  30.05  39.60  41.60 


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